Los ´megatrucks´, una amenaza para los transportistas
05 Jan


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Los camiones de configuración euromodular, más conocidos como 'megatrucks' , ya pueden circular por las carreteras españolas. Sin embargo, depende de las condiciones que determine la dirección general de Tráfico, a la hora de conceder las licencias para este tipo de vehículos, que afecte a la actual flota del transporte por carretera de la Región o que no le influya.
«Si las autorizaciones a estos megacamiones no se controlan mucho, sin duda vamos a tener que reducir el número de vehículos en la Región», indicó Manuel Pérezcarro, secretario general de la Asociación Empresarial de Transporte por Carretera de la Región (FROET).
El Gobierno central publicó la semana pasada en el Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) la Orden PRE/2788/2015, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se modifica el anexo IX del Reglamento General de Vehículos, aprobado por Real Decreto 2822/1998, de 23 de diciembre.
Con ello, se da luz verde a la entrada en España de los ´megatrucks´ de 25,25 metros de longitud (un trailer más remolque) y 60 toneladas. «Estamos a la espera de conocer las condiciones exactas sobre las que se van a tramitar las autorizaciones, pues en la norma que permite la circulación de estos vehículos especiales no se especifica», matizó Pérezcarro.
Según los datos oficiales, en la Región de Murcia, a 1 de diciembre de 2015, hay 3.621empresas de transporte de servicio público de mercancías por carretera; 13.469 vehículos pesados o trailers; y 1.688 vehículos ligeros.
«Nosotros en su día defendimos que estos megacamiones estuvieran sujetos a unas autorizaciones restrictivas en cuanto a su cantidad y que se permitiera de manera experimental», comentó el secretario general, y recordó que deben circular con una autorización especial de Tráfico.
Asimismo, Pérezcarro apuntó que el Gobierno había acordado con el sector que estos vehículos tendrían unas limitaciones horarias para transitar y que las licencias serían «muy justificadas y temporales».
«Si las licencias no son restrictivas, pueden hundir a nuestro sector», insistió.
Debido a su longitud, los ´megatrucks´ sólo pueden circular por autopistas o autovías, y Pérezcarro comentó que «tampoco valen para transporte internacional porque la Unión Europea no lo permite». Por tanto, su uso se circunscribe al transporte nacional.
Las razones del Ejecutivo
Para el Gobierno español, los avances técnicos en el diseño de los vehículos de transporte por carretera, junto a la mejora de las infraestructuras viarias españolas, permiten autorizar la circulación de estos vehículos en la actualidad. En el texto de la norma, además, se especifica que esta actuación «permite mejorar la eficiencia y la seguridad en el transporte por carretera y un funcionamiento más competitivo de los mercados».
Desde el Ejecutivo también señalan que la aplicación de esta medida en otros países europeos ha demostrado que no tiene una implicación negativa en los accidentes de tráfico sino que, por el contrario, «reducen la exposición al riesgo» al disminuir el número de vehículos en circulación.
Las mercancías peligrosas no podrán ser transportadas en megacamiones y la velocidad máxima será la misma que para el resto del transporte pesado.
Los fabricantes, satisfechos con la nueva norma
Como el refrán indica, «nunca llueve a gusto de todos». Y es que desde la Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Automóviles y Camiones (Anfac) se estima que la introducción de los ´megatrucks´ podría suponer un beneficio de 700 millones de euros anuales para la sociedad española. Los cálculos de la asociación apuntan a una reducción del precio de la tonelada/kilómetro transportada en un 22%, «mejorando la productividad y eficiencia del sector»; y la mejora medioambiental con la reducción de emisiones de CO2 y gases contaminantes. En lo que respecta a la industria de la automoción, desde la patronal señalan que esta medida aportará al conjunto de fabricantes un ahorro de 110 millones de euros anuales. Además, desde la Anfac se indica que «este tipo de vehículos es especialmente adecuado para la conexión constante de flujos de aprovisionamiento entre fabricantes de componentes y fabricantes de vehículos». Consideran que supondrá una reducción de los tiempos de transporte y de los costes logísticos y supondrá «un menor número de vehículos en la carretera». P. B.









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