China quiere controlar sus coches con un chip de identificación
18 Mar


¿Seguimiento de los vehículos en tiempo real? Oficialmente, es por una buena causa
En el contexto de un programa puesto en marcha por el Ministerio de Seguridad Pública de China, Shenzhen está entre el primer grupo de ciudades chinas, junto con Pekín y Wuxi (provincia de Jiangsu), que utilizarán chips para identificar vehículos y, según explican las autoridades locales, "mejorar la gestión del tráfico".
LAS AUTORIDADES CHINAS DEFIENDEN QUE ESTE CHIP ES ÚTIL PARA USOS COMO DAR LUZ VERDE EN LOS SEMÁFOROS A LOS AUTOBUSES, Y QUE NO COMPROMETE LA PRIVACIDAD DE LOS CONDUCTORES.
La postura oficial tiene que ver con la intención de iniciar el desarrollo de una gestión inteligente del tráfico en la ciudad y hacer frente a las actividades ilegales con placas de matrícula falsas, placas duplicadas e incluso delitos relacionados con el registro de vehículos. Incluso se explica que el mayor control de los vehículos a través de los chips de identificación puede ser de ayuda en casos de robo.
Cómo funciona
El chip de identificación por radiofrecuencia se integra en una tarjeta que cabe en la palma de la mano. Se detecta con un dispositivo especial de la policía a una distancia máxima de 20 metros, y la información que se recoge se combina con el resto del equipo de monitorización del tráfico.
Según explican las autoridades chinas, el chip únicamente contiene datos como el número de matrícula del vehículo y su color, pero las tarjetas no tienen una función de geolocalización, por lo que la ubicación del vehículo mantiene su privacidad.
Por ahora, la obligación de llevar el chip identificador afecta a los autobuses escolares, taxis y autobuses, y los vehículos pesados tales como transportes de mercancías peligrosas, camiones volquete y remolques. Para el mes de mayo, todos los vehículos de los tipos afectados deberán ir provistos del correspondiente identificador.
El futuro del seguimiento de vehículos, a debate
Hasta ahora no se ha dado a conocer un calendario para que los coches de particulares tengan que incorporar el chip de identificación. La medida lleva anunciándose desde hace casi un año, y no todos los ciudadanos de Shénzhen la esperan con los brazos abiertos, precisamente. En una encuesta realizada a 1.720 personas, un 64 % se mostraron en contra de los chips de seguimiento, y el 79 % manifestaron temer que se pudieran filtrar sus datos personales.
En cuanto a los encuestados favorables a la medida de seguimiento de los vehículos, el 25,9 % explicó que el papel de los chips sería puramente de identificación del vehículo, no de los ciudadanos, pese a que el gran país asiático pasa por una flagrante crisis de privacidad, y el 22 % contaba con que su utilización pudiera servir para mejorar la gestión del tráfico en la ciudad.
Más allá de la situación concreta que se vive en la ciudad china, o que se puede llegar a vivir en las tres ciudades chinas que servirán de experiencia piloto para el control de vehículos, están las preguntas que pueden preocupar a cualquier conductor de cualquier país, ante la posibilidad más que probable de que en un futuro no muy lejano, su vehículo deba compartir información con la infraestructura y también con otros vehículos.
SI LA EXPERIENCIA CHINA FUNCIONA, ESO PODRÍA DAR ALAS EN TODO EL MUNDO A LA CONECTIVIDAD ENTRE VEHÍCULOS Y ENTRE VEHÍCULOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS.
¿Pueden los coches conectados comprometer la privacidad del conductor? Depende de cómo se mire. Si pensamos en un gobierno controlador que quiere saber cómo se mueve cada uno de los ciudadanos y hacia dónde, la cosa escama, y mucho. Si no entramos en modo conspiranoico, seguramente aceptaremos que la gestión del tráfico puede mejorar si se conocen los movimientos más habituales de los vehículos, o si se procesan sus movimientos en tiempo real mediante el seguimiento que permite la tecnología.
Finalmente, si aceptamos que toda actividad que realizamos por la calle con nuestro vehículo es cualquier cosa menos privada, y menos con la enorme cantidad de cámaras que sirven para monitorizar nuestros movimientos, entonces el debate se termina rápido. Sin que eso sea, necesariamente, una buena noticia.









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