La basura electrónica mueve ilegalmente hasta 16.700 millones de euros según la ONU
13 May
El informe señala que los desechos procedentes de equipos informáticos, televisores, teléfonos móviles y otros electrodomésticos ascienden cada año a unos 41 millones de toneladas y las previsiones indican que esta cifra podría llegar a los 50 millones de toneladas en 2017.
Esta agencia de la ONU subraya que entre el 60% y el 90% de estos residuos terminan comercializándose o eliminándose de manera ilegal. Como la Interpol calcula que el precio de una tonelada de desechos electrónicos asciende a 500 millones de dólares, el Pnuma recalca que el negocio ilícito de estos artículos mueve cada año entre 12.500 y 18.800 millones de dólares (de 11.100 a 16.700 millones de euros).
El director ejecutivo del Pnuma, Achim Steiner, indica que el mundo vive actualmente “el inicio de un tsunami sin precedentes de basura electrónica”, que no sólo representa una gran parte de residuos no reciclados, sino también “una amenaza para la salud humana y el medio ambiente, debido a los elementos peligrosos que contiene”.
"A través de la cooperación internacional reforzada y la coherencia legislativa, regulaciones nacionales más fuertes y una mayor toma de conciencia y medidas de prevención robustas podemos asegurar que el comercio y el vertido ilegal de residuos electrónicos llegará a su fin”, explica.
El Pnuma apostó por soluciones innovadoras para combatir la manipulación ilegal y no sostenible de los desechos electrónicos, como la recuperación de metales valiosos y otros productos con los que se elaboran estos artículos, lo que reduciría la presión sobre el medio ambiente, crearía empleos y generaría ingresos.
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El informe apunta que los crecientes volúmenes de desechos electrónicos, residuos urbanos, restos de alimentos, productos químicos descartados y pesticidas falsificados contribuyen a aumentar la presión global sobre el medio ambiente.
Además, recalca que cada año se desperdicia o se pierde un tercio de los alimentos producidos para el consumo humano en todo el planeta, es decir, unos 1,3 millones de toneladas, lo que supone un valor de más de un billón de dólares (unos 890.000 millones de euros).
En cuanto a la basura electrónica, los mayores productores están en Europa y América del Norte, aunque se trata de un negocio que crece rápidamente en algunas ciudades de Asia.
La exportación de residuos peligrosos está prohibida tanto en los países miembro de la UE como de la OCDE (Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos), por lo que no está sujeta a la notificación o la concesión de licencias.
Pese a ello, miles de toneladas de basura electrónica se declaran falsamente como productos de segunda mano y exportados desde países desarrollados a naciones en desarrollo, incluidos los residuos de pilas, tubos de rayos catódicos o monitores de ordenador.
El contrabando a pequeña y gran escala se produce en todo el mundo, con el transporte de camiones o por barco en Europa y América del Norte, con los principales centros de contrabando en el sur de Asia.
África y Asia son destinos clave para los envíos a gran escala de desechos peligrosos para su vertido. Ghana y Nigeria están entre los mayores países receptores de África occidental, aunque grandes volúmenes de basura electrónica también se transportan a Costa de Marfil y a la República del Congo. En Asia, los mayores envíos ilegales de cargamento llegan a China, Hong Kong, Pakistán, India, Bangladesh y Vietnam.
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